MILITARY GENERAL
Military Ethics: An Introduction with Case Studies provides an accessible introduction to the ethical issues faced by today’s junior and mid-ranking military personnel. Offering an exceptionally practical perspective, it includes more than fifty engaging case studies–personal, historical, and fictional accounts–that give students a bird’s-eye view of various real-world ethical dilemmas. Opening with an introduction to ethics and an overview of ethical theory, the book goes on to discuss ethical problems related to: the use and misuse of power and authority; discrimination and proportionality in traditional conflicts, irregular wars, and humanitarian military interventions; supreme emergency, terrorism, and responses to terrorism; and much more.
Military Ethics is enhanced by suggestions for further reading, an abbreviation key, an extensive bibliography, and an appendix including a list of the international treaties that make up the Law of Armed Conflict.
Each chapter ends with Notes, Further Reading, and Discussion Questions.
Preface
List of Abbreviations
1. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS ETHICS? WHAT IS AN ETHICAL DECISION?
What Is Ethics and Why Should I Study It?
Law and Ethics
Ethical Dilemmas and Tests of Lntegrity
2. ETHICAL THEORY: AN OVERVIEW
Case Study 2.1: The Runaway Railway Car
Case Study 2.2: The Spare Parts Surgeon
Ethical Considerations
Theories of Value and Theories of Ethics
Ethical Theory: Consequences
Case Study 2.3: First Use of the Atomic Bomb
Criticizing Consequentialism
Ethical Theory: Principles and Duties
Case Study 2.4: Shooting the Downed Pilot
Criticizing Deontology
Ethical Theory: Character
Case Study 2.5: Marines Don’t Do That
Is Ethics Simply Relative?
Integrating Theories of Ethics
3. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, DUTIES, AND OBLIGATIONS
Case Study 3.1: The HMAS Westralia Fire
Discussion
The Profession of Arms
Role Morality
Military Values and Military Virtue
Case Study 3.2: Leave No One Behind
Case Study 3.3: The Training Course
The Triangular Balance
Case Study 3.4: Military Dispute over Casualties in Afghanistan
Case Study 3.5: Esequiel Hernandez Shooting
4. JUST WAR THEORY: TRADITIONAL ISSUES OF JUS AD BELLUM
Case Study 4.1: The 1991 Gulf War
Case Study 4.2: The 2003 Invasion of Iraq
Discussion
Alternative Theories on War
Pacifism
Realism
A Very Brief History of Just War Theory
Ethics and International Law
Implementing the Principles of Jus Ad Bellum
Case Study 4.3: The Korean War
Case Study 4.4: The Six Day War
Case Study 4.5: Israeli Attack on Iraq’s Osirak Nuclear Reactor
Case Study 4.6: The Falklands War
Assessing the Two Gulf Wars
5. JUST WAR THEORY: MODERN ISSUES OF JUS AD BELLUM: HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION, INSURGENCY, AND COUNTERINSURGENCY
Case Study 5.1: Operation Cast Lead
Case Study 5.2: The 1999 NATO Intervention in Support of Kosovo
Discussion
Of Countries, States, and Nations
The Basics of Jus Ad Bellum and Insurgency
Case Study 5.3: The Fight Against Apartheid
Jus Ad Bellum and Difficult Insurgency Cases
Jus Ad Bellum and Counterinsurgency
Case Study 5.4: Israel, Uganda, and the Entebbe Incident
Justification for Humanitarian Intervention
Case Study 5.5: The Rwandan Genocide
Case Study 5.6: Intervention in East Timor
Responsibility to Protect
6. POWER AND AUTHORITY: ISSUING AND FOLLOWING ORDERS
Case Study 6.1: Ehren Watada and Iraq
Case Study 6.2: Marine Advance on Baghdad
Discussion
Considering Authority
Case Study 6.3: Wearing Body Armor in Afghanistan
Case Study 6.4: The Logistics Officer’s Problem
The Ethical Problems of Orders
Case Study 6.5: Orders to HMS Alacrity
Case Study 6.6: Placing the Strobe
Case Study 6.7: Come Right!
Case Study 6.8: Reinterpreting Orders
7. DISCRIMINATION AND PROPORTIONALITY I: TRADITIONAL ISSUES OF JUS IN BELLO
Case Study 7.1: Airpower and Marine Assault
Discussion
Discrimination
The Ethical Permissibility of Targeting Combatants
The Principle of Noncombatant Immunity
Case Study 7.2: The Incident at the Fallujah Mosque
Proportionality
Case Study 7.3: Sinking of the General Belgrano
Case Study 7.4: The Dam Busters Raid
Modern Assessment of Collateral Damage
Case Study 7.5: Conviction of Milan Martic?
Summary
8. DISCRIMINATION AND PROPORTIONALITY II: JUS IN BELLO IN IRREGULAR WARS
Case Study 8.1: Casualties in the 2008-2009 Gaza War
Discussion
Discrimination in Irregular Wars
Case Study 8.2: Defending the Crashed Helicopter
Rules of Engagement and Civilian Casualties in Irregular Wars
Case Study 8.3: Assault on a Taliban Compound
Difficult Cases of Discrimination in Irregular Wars
Case Study 8.4: Israel and Targeted Killing
Proportionality in Irregular Wars
9. DISCRIMINATION AND PROPORTIONALITY III: JUS IN BELLO IN HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS
Case Study 9.1: NATO Attacks and Dual-Use Targets
Discussion
Jus In Bello in Armed Humanitarian Operations
Dual-Use Targets
Peacekeeping or Peacemaking?
Case Study 9.2: Protecting Civilians by Endangering Troops
Case Study 9.3: The Baby Ram
Case Study 9.4: The Child Soldier
Case Study 9.5: Moscow Theatre Siege
10. ISSUES OF SURRENDER AND DETENTION
Case Study 10.1: Operation Red Wings
Discussion
Surrender
Case Study 10.2: White Flags in Desert Storm
Case Study 10.3: After the Battle
Prisoners of War
Case Study 10.4: The Sniper and the Murderer
11. SUPREME EMERGENCY, TERRORISM, AND TORTURE
Case Study 11.1: The Petraeus Letter to the Troops
Discussion
Supreme Emergency
Case Study 11.2: The Decision to Bomb German Cities
Supreme Emergency and Terrorism in the Modern World
Supreme Emergency and Counterterrorism in the Modern World
Case Study 11.3: The Ticking Bomb in Paris
Case Study 11.4: The Ticking Bomb in Sri Lanka
12. CONCLUSION
Competence and the Professional
The Unlimited Liability Contract
Of Warriors and Murderers
Knowing and Doing
Appendix: The Laws of Armed Conflict
Bibliography
Index
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